First Northern General Hospital

Jack’s wound was serious enough for him to be evacuated to three UK hospitals and convalescent hospitals for wounded officers.

On 27 September 1917, from The First Northern General Hospital 1, Jack wrote to the Secretary of War applying for a Wound Gratuity. This letter confirms and describes his wounds and the treatment at the 2nd Canadian Casualty Clearing Station (CCS). It also confirms the date of the action and his rank of captain, though temporary, at the time of his wound. The First Northern, in association with the Royal Victoria Hospital had specialised to become a military orthopaedic hospital, presumably suitable for Jacks elbow wound. Left: Jack Crompton's letter of 27 September 1917 to the War Office Source: The National Archived (TNA) WO 374/16721

Furness Auxiliary Hospital

On 7 December 1917, Jack followed up his first letter with a second showing he was convalescing in Furness Auxiliary Hospital in Harrogate. It makes reference to his last [Medical] Board being on 29 November 1917. Right: Jack Crompton's letter of 07 December 1917 applying for a wound gratuity. Source: TNA WO 374/16721

1805info3g_4, sheet 2

On 18 December 1917, a Confidential Medical Board Report On A Disabled Officer (Army Form A.45) ¹ was completed at Furness Auxiliary Hospital, Harrogate. It records that Captain J Crompton of the 1/3 London Regt. had a disability of 1) GSW (Gun Shot Wound) Rt. Elbow Joint and 2) GSW Back sustained on 16 August 1917 (sic) at Ypres, from HE (High Explosive) shell. His present condition was described as:

a posterior healed scar just above the point of the R elbow posteriorly. A sharp spicule (small or minute, sharp-pointed body part) of bone is seen from behind under the skin of the point of the elbow. The specialist recommended & the board agree that a further operation for removal of this spicule of bone should be give performed at a General Hospital. Condition of A.C.T. 13155,13,55, 1917 have been complied with a ----- regarding were [pending average] made for his fracture

He had a non-permanent disability of 70% requiring a further examination in one month in an officer’s hospital. Jack was declared unfit for general service for four months, all garrison or overseas duties or home service for two months, and sedentary employment for one month. Whilst Jack was not suffering from neurasthenia (shell shock) it was the opinion of the board that he was permanently unfit for further military service. This appears to have been ratified on 20 December 1917. ²

This letter informs Jack that the Medical Board still considers him unfit for General Service and is no longer required for duty at home and therefore he will be gazetted as relinquishing his commission on the grounds of wounds. The letter is addressed to Lieutenant J Crompton but also announces his promotion to the rank of captain, which being Gazetted, possibly on 01 June 1918, the rank is substantive and will qualify for a pension. Note: The London Gazette has been searched from May 1919 to December 1923 for this promotion. Right: Jack Crompton's letter of 08 May 1918 from the War Office ending his commission Source: TNA WO 374/16721

Despite the prediction of the Furness Board that Jack would likely be fit for active service in April 1918 and the letter relinquishing his commission and giving his address as Shorncliffe, Jack was still in hospital in June 1918 and applying for a further 'wound gratuity'. Following a Board at York Military Hospital, on 31 May 1918, Jack made a third application for a Wound Gratuity, on 13 June 1918, from the Auxiliary Hospital for Officers, Escrick Park, York. A period of leave between 20 June 1918 and 21 August 1918 followed. Left: Jack Crompton's letter of 13 June 1918 applying for a further wound gratuity. Source: TNA WO 374/16721

1805info3g_4, sheet 3

A letter, written during his leave on 25 June 1918 from Cardigan Road, from Jack to Sister Irene exists in Hull History Centre. ³

Furness Auxiliary Hospital was a convalescent hospital for officers, based in the former Grand Hotel, Montepellier, Harrogate, not far from the baths. My maternal grandfather and JRR Tolkien were also a patients. Left: Furness Hospital/Grand Hotel, Harrogate 1924

Still in the army and having never returned to active service, a further Board convened on 8 January 1919 at the Military Hospital, Shorncliffe, Kent where the disability described was the GSW rt. elbow, which had not improved since the last Board, and also broncho pneumonia, which had developed after contracting influenza as a patient in the 1st Northern General Hospital at Newcastle-on-Tyne.

1805info3g_4, sheet 4

The report gives specific details of the damage to the right elbow. There is a scar over rt. elbow on extension aspect. Tip of Olecranon is missing and anaesthesia. Flexion of Forearm is good. Grip fair circulation in forearm deficient. Diminuation of R.M. and V.F. & function sounds present over Base. Has been informed that he has been placed in Cat.CI. ans [sic] instructed to join 5th R.A.F. Cadet Wing Shornecliffe. [sic] Left: A sketch of the olecranon, which features in Jack's wound and Boards.

The third Proceedings of a Medical Board were recorded at the Military Hospital, York on 29 July 1919. This adds the details that the GSW was a compound fracture of the Olecranon and that influenza was contracted on 15 February 1918, whilst at Newcastle. At this time:

The wound had healed soundly allowing the elbow joint to flex but not to extend. [Jack’s] hand and forearm were unimpaired. The breath sounds are somewhat fainter over right base due to thickened pleura. There are no adventitious sounds. {OED: Coming from outside or from an external source]

Whilst Jack died of TB, it is not possible to diagnose TB or pneumonia, without some investigations, like x-rays and sputum tests. They can look very similar, with coughing, weakness, and fever. Pneumonia usually happens when the immune system is weak and the bacteria in the respiratory system start to breed. I speculate that Jack's influenza may have weakened his system. Tuberculosis, on the other hand,shows symptoms slowly over time, which makes the wet trench in Salonika a possibility.

A commission in the Indian Army

On 31 July 1917, whilst a lieutenant and adjutant of the 1/3rd London Regiment (TF) and a month before he was wounded at Westhoek, Jack completed an ‘Army Form W.8418 Application for permanent commission in the Indian Army’ 4 There is no indication for his reasons for requesting a commission in the Indian Army. On 6th December 1918 the War Office replied to 22 Cardigan Road: Note: The London Gazette has been searched from May 1919 to December 1923 for this promotion. Right: Letter to Jack Crompton from War Office, on 06 December 1918, refusing his application for a commission in the Indian Army. Source: TNA WO 374/16721

5th RAF Cadet Wing Shorncliff

Having failed to transfer to the Indian Army, it seems that Jack enjoyed service life as he was 'instructed to join the 5th RAF Cadet Wing at Shornecliffe' (sic).

Two further Medical Boards are recorded. On 08 January 1919, whilst at Shorncliffe, Jack was recorded as having 4 5/12 total service with three years in 'Theatre' and recognises him as Captain. His G[un].S[hot].W[ound]. rt elbow was dated 18.8.17 and his Broncho pneumonia was dated about 15.2.18 in Newcastle. He states that his wound has not improved since the last Board and that his pneumonia has improved since the last Board. The History given by the patient is that whilst a patient in 1st Northern Gen. Hosp. Newcastle-on- Tyne he contracted Influenza and developed Pneumonia. The report continued There is a scar over rt.elbow on extension aspect. Tip of Olecranon missing and anasthesia. Flexion of Forearm and arm good. Grip fair circulation in forearm deficient. Diminution of R.M. & V.F. & function sounds present over Base. Has been informed that he has been placed Cat.CI ans (sic) instructed to join the 5th R.A.F. Cadet Wing Shornecliffe. (sic) ⁵

1805info3g_4, sheet 5

The last available Medical Board report is dated 29 July 1919 from the Military Hospital, York suggests Jack's service ended 29 May 1919 as his address was 22 Cardigan Road, Bridlington. Both the wound and pneumonia were progressing satisfactorily. He is able to fully flex but cannot fully extend the elbow. The hand and forearm are unimpaired. His breath sounds are somewhat fainter over right base due to old thickened pleura. There are no adventitious sounds. [OED: coming from an external source] ⁶

On release from hospital, Jack was transferred to light duties: to instruct at No. 5 R.A.F Cadet Wing at North Dibgate Camp, Shorncliffe, Folkestone, Kent, despite being unfit for General Service. On 22 October 1918 another application for a Wound Gratuity was made from Shorncliffe. Right: Jack Crompton's letter, confirming his Shorncliffe posting, asking for another wound gratuity.

Right: Jack Crompton's letter, confirming his Shorncliffe posting, asking for another wound gratuity page 2

Shorncliffe is still a large army camp near Cheriton in Kent. Established in 1794, it later served as a staging post for troops destined for the Western Front during the First World War. No 5 Cadet Wing, a Ground Training Unit, moved to Dibgate Camp, Shorncliffe by 31 December 1918, where it was disbanded on 24 January 1919. It was located south of the M20 junction to what is now the UK Eurotunnel terminal.

1805info3g_4, sheet 6

His death

Jack died on 26 March 1922, without issue, it is alleged as a result of active service in Salonika, but his cause of death is not clear.

On 8th September 1922, during the process of administering Jack’s estate, Tho^s Holtby, Solicitors of Great Driffield, wrote to the War Office. Their letter to the War Office provides a summary of Jack's war .

Sir, Capt. John Crompton deceased. Ref. M.S. 4T. 9/3 Ldn. Regt./441   I am acting for the father of the above deceased and am about to apply for Administration of his estate.   The deceased was granted a commission in October 1914 and in May 1919 was gazetted out of the 3rd London Regiment whilst at No. 5 R.A.F. Cadet Wing, Shorncliffe, as relinquishing his commission "on account of ill health caused by wounds" and granted Temporary Retired Pay.   He afterwards carried on the occupation of corn dealer but in August 1921 he was admitted to the East Anglian Sanatorium at Nayland under an arrangement made by the Ministry of Pensions and steps were shortly   He died in the Sanatorium on the 26th March last, leaving estate of the value of under £5000.   I shall be pleased to hear that under these circumstances the War Office is prepared to recommend that he should be considered as "killed in the War" for the purpose of remission of Death Duties.   I am, Sir,   Your obedient Servant. The Secretary.     War Office.          LONDON. S.W. 1

On 14 September 1922, the War Office requested Thomas Holtby to forward a copy of the actual death certificate, which stated that tuberculosis (TB) as the cause of death.

Six days later, Thomas Holtby, in a continued effort to remove death duties, replied attributing the TB to Jack's service in Salonika. The replied was typed onto the two part Effects - Form 8.

At this point it has not been able to prove the flooded trench in Salonika.

1805info3g_4, sheet 7

East Anglian Sanatorium for consumptives

Jack entered the East Anglian Sanatorium, Nayland with Wissington, Suffolk in August 1921, and died there in 1922. ⁷

Above: A 1925 OS map locating East Anglian Sanatorium

Left: Map locating Nayland in Suffolk

In 1899, to meet the need for places to treat TB, Dr Jane Walker (1859-1938), the medical superintendant for the East Anglian Sanatorium Company, extended her first centre, in Downham Market, by buying Maltings and Sand Pits Farms in Nayland and Wissington. The East Anglian Sanatorium opened on 22 January 1901. During and immediately after the First World War the male patients at Maltings Farm were almost all ex-servicemen; other ranks from 1916 and officers from 1919. Generally, the treatment was to expose patients to plenty of fresh air and provide good nutrition. Dr Jane, as she was known, examined every patient, perhaps at her 122 Harley Street, London consulting rooms.

Above: A modern aerial view of Nayland showing the main building and the redeveloped land

1805info3g_4, sheet 8

Dr Jane Walker was one of the first women medical pioneers and a strong supporter of the early feminist movement. She had been to a Black Forest sanatorium where she studied the new treatment for tuberculosis, which consisted of rest, good food, plenty of cold fresh air, followed by carefully graded exercise. To treat TB, her specially dedicated sanatoriums was constructed. A south-facing situation, preferably on a sandy soil where pine trees would grow, was considered important, so she purchased Maltings, Sandpits and Rushbanks Farms to found the sanatorium. The upper building, now Jane Walker Park, was a paying sanatorium, and she used this to support Maltings Farm Sanatorium, founded in 1904, and the children's sanatorium, founded in 1912 where the patients were treated for minimal charges.

The spot chosen for the first building was on the slope of a hill with an extensive view of the Stour Valley. The valley's sunny and dry climate recommended it for people with TB at a time when their were no antibiotics. Set in 90 private and recreational acres, the building was a butterfly plan facing south-east with wards at front and axial passages behind in the wings. To implement the fresh-air therapy, the central building had several tall casement windows under a covered porches to a room. Patients occupied single and double rooms facing south on two floors with staffrooms above. There were fireplaces and central heating throughout. The centre of the front was originally open and with staircase behind opening to balconies through spacious entrances wide enough for bed and deckchairs; the main entrance was in gable end of west wing. A cross ventilated passage separates the bedrooms from the sanitary block. The central, two storey and attic, rear wing contains entrance and offices with the kitchen wing on right and hall on left branching from it. Attached to this was the chapel. ⁸ Every point for the then essential open-air treatment of TB had been considered.

Instead of confining patients to stuffy room as was the English custom, the prevailing German treatment of open air for resting and sleeping, was applied. The usual régime at the sanatorium, and Jack's day, began with rising at 7.15 with a visit from the resident physician to all patients before breakfast which was served at eight o'clock. Between breakfast and midday patients, except those excused for medical reasons, took their prescribed amount of exercise. There was an hours rest at the one o'clock dinner time. After dinner there was more regulated exercise. Tea was served at four o'clock, followed more rest before supper at seven o' clock and lights out at nine o'clock. Temperatures and pulses were taken three times a day; and patients were regularly seen by the physician before dinner and supper and again at bedtime if necessary. The patients were weighed weekly and it would seem that there was an average gain of 28 pounds (12.7kg). There was no alcohol unless prescribed, no food between meals, no card playing until after tea, no gambling ever and no expectorating anywhere unless into a mug or flask. Visitors were discouraged but permitted on the second and fourth Sunday of the month. ⁹

East Anglian Sanatorium main building in 1904

East Anglian Sanatorium main building - undated

The drive to East Anglian Sanatorium main building in 1906

East Anglian Sanatorium main building - undated

East Anglian Sanatorium looking across the sanatorium's gardens and drive - undated

East Anglian Sanatorium post card dated 1921, when Jack was a resident

East Anglian Sanatorium ward in 1905 showing beds outside rooms and deckchairs in the garden

The men's ward at Maltings Farm part of East Anglian Sanatorium - undated

The dining room in East Anglian Sanatorium main building in 1915

Photos: Nayland with Wissington Conservation Society David May Collection III

The duration of the treatment was between three and six months. After three months patients were warned that though they may appeared 'cured' 'complete stability was unlikely', and that at least six months was required for a cure [My italics]. Dr Jane Walker declared that treatment was directed 'not only to the arrest of the disease, but to the permanent raising of the standard of the patient's health in order that the recurrent attacks may be warded off.' ... 'No two cases [could] be treated on exactly the same lines; [she] considered not only the individual sicknesses, but the sick individuals'. ¹⁰

Although a cure for TB was not found until antibiotics arrived at the end of the Second War, the open air treatment could put this disease into remission and many patients were able to return to normal lives although it was always liable to return. Therefore many patients chose to remain near the sanatoriums, often working as nursing assistants, gardeners and domestic workers. There was a high death rate as Dr Walker did not select her patients because, as they were likely to be cured, she did her best for all. The laboratories, 'equipped with electric lights to facilitate throat examination', the outcomes of the treatment were difficult to assess. In 1901, at the time the article was written, a large majority of those in the 'first stage' of TB recovered; there was a lower proportion of those in the 'second stage'; with the 'third stage' being much lower than the second. In 1901 Dr Jane Walker quantified her success rate. Of the 177 patients: 45 recovered, 54 were improving, 13 were going back, she had lost sight of 9, there were 29 still under treatment and 27 died. Jack would have fallen into this last category, presumably being in 'stage three' TB. ¹¹

1805info3g_4, sheet 9

In memoriam

THE

AND GENERAL ADVERTISER APRIL 8, 1922

Source: British Library Newspaper Archives, Colindale, Driffield Time, 1922, shelf 56

Left: Thomas Crompton's family headstone in Nafferton new church yard. Jack's inscription is on the face opposite the adjacent headstone.

As part of the family monument, his memorial stone in Nafferton new churchyard reads also to their beloved eldest son JOHN Captain 3rd London Regt. who died March 26th 1922 aged 28 years RIP John died as a result of Tuberculosis, possibly contracted in the Salonika campaigns of 1915-1916.

1805info3g_4, sheet 10

Cardigan Road, Bridlington

Cardigan Road, Bridlington was a favourite address for the Crompton family. In 1915 Thomas retired to 91 Cardigan Road. Harry is recorded as living at the same address. Jack's address, recorded on his death certificate was 22 Cardigan Road, Bridlington. A letter, written by Jack during his leave on 25 June 1918 to a Sister Irene, was from Cardigan Road, Right: 22 Cardigan Road, Bridlington

The final puzzle

On returning to the UK, Jack returned to his profession of corn merchant. The 1921 census shows Jack to be resident in Settle, in the old West Riding, and creates an intriguing puzzle and with no known solution. There is no known reason why Jack should be boarding in The Golden Lion Hotel, a hundred miles from his home and family. Why was he a corn merchant in the predominantly hill seep farming area, unless he sold animal feed? The census records Jack as a 'Border' which suggests more permanence than 'Visitor'.

1921 Census:      Sun 19th June 1921
Source:   RG15;  Piece: 20996; 
          RegDist number: 484; SubDist: 2; ED 8; Sched: 139 page 2;
          Reg District: Settle;  Parish: Settle
Dwelling: Hotel, Duke Street, [Golden Lion]               
Place:    Settle, Yorkshire West Riding                
Children under sixteen: none 
BL=Both parents alive; FD=father dead; MD=mother dead
Whole time school 

Name                   Rel    Age  Mar  Occupation       Employer          Work place              Birthplace 
                            Yrs Mn      
Edwin Marson         Head   48 10   M   Hotel Proprietor Employer          Duke Street Settle      Yorks, Hull
Elizabeth Marson     Wife   46  0   M   Homes Duties                                               Yorks, Rotherham
James Marson          Son    9 10   BL  Whole time                                                 Yorks, Leeds
Ella Mardson          Dau   12  0   BL  Whole time                                                 Yorks, Leeds
Sidney Marson         Son   17  6   S   Assisting father in hotel          At home, Settle         Yorks, Leeds
....
Page 2  
Frances Maud Tulham   Vis   25  3   S   Private nursing  Leeds Married     Golden Lion, Settle     Lancs, Widnes
                                                         Nurses Institute
David Goodwin Hindle  Vis   46  8   M   Manufacture      Employer          Mount Spring Waterfoot  Lancs, Newchurch Rossendale
                                        b??fact????                        355 Burnley Road  
                                                                           Waterfoot [Rossendale]
Mary Alice Hindle     Vis   44  8   M   Home Duties                                                Lancs, Newchurch Rossendale
Donald Hindle         Vis   15  2   S   Whole time school                                          Lancs, Newchurch Rossendale
Elizabeth Stirling    Vis   45  8   M   Married woman                                              Lancs, Ulveston
John Crompton       Board   28  1   S   Corn Merchant     Employer         Town Hall Buildings     Yorks, Nafferton
                                                                           Settle

Above: Golden Lion Hotel, Duke Street, Settle

1805info3g_4, sheet 11

According to the 1921 census Jack's place of work was Settle Town Hall. This Gothic Revival building of 1832 has ground floor 'shops' with the rural district council chamber, court room, assembly room and at one time the library on the upper floor. The ground floor has six 'bays' on the north and south face and two on the west and east faces. In the 2020s these were used as shops, tourist information and a solicitors office. The author recalls in the 1950s to mid 1960s the north-east corner being Billy Jackman's hairdressers and the south-west corner being an unsavoury gentleman's urinal. The wooden slatted seats, facing the road, were the domain of pensioners 'taking the air'. Right: Settle Town Hall with Jack's possible place of work being on the lower floor

Jack's probate adds to this puzzle. Rather than stating Bridlington as his home, his probate confirms Settle was his home town on death.

Above: John Crompton's probate

Above: A composite image of John Crompton's probate Source: https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/#wills Note again he is "of Settle in the County of York".

All the facts confirm this is our Jack Crompton, except that the probate record declares him to be of Settle, Yorkshire, instead of Cardigan Road, Bridlington as per his death certificate. The probate sum equates to £154,000 in 2022 by the RPI calculator. (Measuring Worth). However his net value of worth was £880 16shillings and 4pence, equivalent to £54,350 in 2022 by the RPI calculator. (Measuring Worth). Speculation is that there were sanatorium bills to pay.

The author was born in Settle and raised in the parish of Giggleswick, just across the River Ribble. It was always thought that the author's father, Geoff Crompton born 1913, having been posted there in November 1945 was the first Crompton to live in Settle.

1805info3g_4, sheet 12

Given that Jack's profession was a corn merchant it is entirely possible that he was connected with the more modern Thornton's corn merchant once of Castle Hill, Settle. The author remembers their old building its wooden floor and hessian sacks, when lived on Castle Hill in 1958 and when he went to collect hen food, as an errand boy, for Jack Atkinson of Albert Hill, Settle. Left: The original location of Thornton Corn Merchants of Settle, at the junction of Castle Hill and Castlebergh Lane. Now a private residence, the bag hoist can still be seen above the 'front' door.

Postscript

Jack’s niece Sheila Mellstrom née Crompton offered a comment suggesting family hearsay said the Jack’s TB resulted from the shell fragment wound to the olecranon. Dr James Crompton, though not a respiratory specialist, thought that, since TB is a respiratory disease it was unlikely to originate in the elbow, though he has known TB in the abdomen. He suspected the elbow wound may have been complicated by clostridium, defined as ‘several rod-shaped, spore-forming, anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium, found in soil and in the intestinal tract of humans’. An X-Ray, had it been taken, would have resolved whether TB was in his lungs. The Mantoux skin test has been available since 1908 to show TB. He opined that if the disease had been contracted in Salonika, six years was a long incubation period. He didn’t think it was likely that Jack contracted TB in 1916, recovered whilst on active service, only to relapse and die in 1922. There is no real illness called TB per se. Pneumonia is the illness; mycobacterium tuberculosis is one infective agent that might cause a respiratory inflammation. Haemophilus influenza is another. Consequently, Jack died of a pneumonia caused by TB.

End Notes:

1. TNA WO374/16721
2. ibid
3. Hull History Centre DDFA 3/6/45/90
4. TNA WO374/16721
5. ibid
6. ibid
7. Bury St Edmonds Branch, of Suffolk Record Office, hold the patients' register for Maltings Farm, Ref: ID 507/6/4 1913 - 30 Nov. 1938. However, there is no public access until 2038, when further details, of Jack's treatment will be released.
8. Architectural details from Historic England. The original ‘arts and crafts’ Sanatorium , designed by Smith and Brewer, became a listed building and was converted into eight houses, while the rest was knocked down and replaced by housing.
9. The Hospital, 14 December 1901
10. ibid
11. ibid

Sources:

• Captain John Crompton Short Service Attestation Paper - TNA WO 374/16721 (Printed copy November 2008)
• Find a will (Accessed: 20 November 2020)
• Historic England (Accessed: 20 November 2020)
• Measuring Worth (Accessed: 20 November 2020)
• Nayland with Wissington Conservation Society David May Collection III (Accessed: 20 November 2020)
• The Hospital (Accessed: 20 November 2020)

1805info3g_4, sheet 13

1st Northern General Hospital, Newcastle-on-Tyne On 06 August 1914, two days after war broke out the 1st Northern General Hospital was mobilised with the rest of the Territorial General Hospitals: a military hospital installed in an existing buildings based at Armstrong College, part of Durham University in Newcastle (now part of Newcastle University). Before the college could occupy the new building, it was requisitioned by the government. Throughout the war, the hospital worked very closely with the adjacent Royal Victoria Infirmary (RVI), which had only recently opened. Many of the RVI’s medical staff received honorary commissions and spent periods of up to a year caring for troops. Left: 1914 Map locating Armstrong College the original site of 1st Northern General Hospital Above: The Armstrong Building, Newcastle, where Jack was hospitalised Right: 1913 map locating Newcastle Union, an extension of 1st Northern General Hospital

1805info3g_4, sheet 14

In September 1914, the unit's strength was given as 32 Officers and 109 Other Ranks with the original provision for 540 beds. By 1st January 1917, the strength had risen to 338, including 42 Officers. By taking over a private house, the Hatton Gallery in Kings Row and the Newcastle Workhouse Infirmary on Westgate Road (now Newcastle General Hospital – Acute Services) to serve as hospital accommodation, this had risen to 2166. The RVI and the military hospital also worked closely on the creation of a military orthopaedic hospital, following a model already established in Leeds. The intention was to provide specialist rehabilitation facilities for soldiers who had lost or damaged limbs. An initial meeting was held on 25 September 1917 to discuss plans for a facility with up to 1500 beds, to be built on the RVI site. This may be why Jack was sent to Newcastle.

This page was created by Richard Crompton and maintained by Chris Glass		Version A5 Updated 02 May 2024